Water flosser or dental floss: what should you use?
Originally published
Brushing cleans much of each tooth, but it cannot reach every surface between neighbouring teeth. Cleaning those spaces is a separate part of daily care. Floss, interdental brushes and water flossers offer different ways to do it, and the most suitable choice depends on your teeth, gums and how easily you can use each tool.
A water flosser is sometimes called an oral irrigator. It directs a stream of water around the teeth and gumline. It can be useful, but buying one does not remove the need to brush with fluoride toothpaste or have gum problems assessed.
Where floss and interdental brushes fit in
Floss is useful for close contacts where an interdental brush will not fit. Guide it gently between the teeth, curve it around the side of one tooth and slide it along that surface. Clean the facing surface of the next tooth too. Avoid snapping the floss into the gum or pushing it down with force.
Where there is enough space, an interdental brush may be easier to use. Ask your dentist or hygienist to help you choose the sizes you need: different gaps may need different brushes. A brush should fit without being forced through.
If reaching the back teeth or holding a length of floss is difficult, say so at your appointment. A demonstration or a different handle can make daily cleaning more manageable. Our guide to flossing explains the technique in more detail.
When a water flosser may help
Some people find a water flosser easier to handle than string floss, particularly around braces or when hand movement is limited. It may also be part of a cleaning plan for bridges or implants. The right tip and technique depend on the device and the dental work involved, so ask your dental team before changing an established routine.
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions, start with a low, comfortable pressure and work methodically around the gumline. Do not assume that maximum pressure cleans better, or that water reaches every area without careful positioning. Keep the reservoir and tips clean as instructed.
You may prefer a portable model or one with a larger reservoir. Consider the space it takes up, replacement tips and whether you will find it convenient to use each day. There is no single model or method that suits everyone.
What if your gums bleed?
Bleeding can be a sign of inflamed gums, rather than a reason to abandon cleaning between your teeth. Keep the technique gentle and arrange a dental assessment if bleeding persists, or if your gums are painful or swollen. A device cannot diagnose or treat established gum disease on its own.
You do not necessarily need to use every tool at every session. Your hygienist can help you decide which areas need a brush, floss or another aid, and check that you are cleaning them effectively.
Keep brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and attend check-ups at the interval recommended for you. Professional cleaning is arranged according to your gum health and deposits on the teeth, rather than as an automatic extra for everyone.
For further guidance, see the Oral Health Foundation’s advice on cleaning between teeth and water flossers.